E. M. Gaidukov was born on August 20, 1915 in the village of Nezhkovo, Goretsk district, Mogilev region. Higher education. PhD in Economic Sciences. Military rank: State Security Colonel. In 1954–1957 worked as director of the Rogotkovskaya MTS, Kozlovschinsk district, Grodno region. Since 1957 – senior researcher at the Belarusian Research Institute of Economics and Organization of Agriculture. A well-known specialist in the field of labor productivity research in agricultural production.

Participant of the Great Patriotic War. For military and labor merits he was awarded ten government awards.